Which accounting principle requires accounts receivable to be recorded at net realizable value?

The correct choice reflects the conservatism principle, which directly applies to the recording of accounts receivable at net realizable value. This principle suggests that in financial reporting, one should anticipate potential losses rather than potential gains. When it comes to accounts receivable, this means that you should recognize receivables at the amount that you expect to actually collect. Thus, accounts receivable should be recorded net of any estimated uncollectible amounts, resulting in a more conservative and realistic representation of expected cash inflows.

In contrast, options such as the matching principle focus on aligning revenues with the expenses incurred to generate those revenues, while the principle of consistency addresses the need for consistent application of accounting methods over time. The revenue recognition principle deals with when revenue should be recognized, usually when it is earned and realizable, but does not specifically mandate the valuation of accounts receivable. Therefore, these other principles do not directly tie to the requirement for valuing accounts receivable at net realizable value, making the conservatism principle the most appropriate choice.